The way in which fishing alters size - structured food web interactions has implications for the structure and function
of kelp forest ecosystems.
For instance, an invasive brown alga called Sargassum horneri now dominates large
swaths of kelp forest habitat at the islands, and while it's impacts are not yet fully understood, the kelp forests of the Channel Islands are being substantially altered.
In Western Australia, emerging evidence suggests that increases in the number of tropical fish are preventing the
recovery of kelp forest damaged by a heat wave in 2011.
Scientists say climate change is responsible for the recent destruction
of kelp forests off the southwestern coast of Australia.
Another major area
of kelp forest research has been directed at understanding the spatial - temporal patterns of kelp patches.
Channelkeeper is currently supporting scientific
monitoring of kelp forests through its Marine Protected Area (MPA) monitoring efforts.
Cape fur seals, mako sharks, blue sharks, seven gill sharks, dolphins, whales and the
magic of the kelp forests that line our west coast, mean the seas are rich with marine creatures,...
This species, considered a keystone species, helps maintain the health
of kelp forests by preying on sea urchins, which, if allowed to proliferate, can destroy a kelp forest.
This diverse and light - filled habitat, alive with leopard sharks, jack mackerels and garibaldis, is an
example of the kelp forests that grow along the Pacific coast from southern Alaska to Baja California, Mexico.
If fortune favours, it's a
world of kelp forests, cold water coral, crabs, lobsters and congers lurking in recesses and shoals of multicoloured wrass and silver seabass.
Depending on the plant density, one square
meter of kelp forest can absorb anywhere from tens to hundreds of grams of carbon per year.
«We've known that these things go on in fish and other species, but we've never studied this in the context of climate change in the marine
ecology of kelp forests,» said co-author Gretchen Hofmann, chair of UCSB's Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology.
A sex - changing fish called California sheephead (Semicossyphus pulcher) plays a vital role in the food
web of kelp forests along the Pacific coast.
«The real story here is that we probably need sea otters more than they need us, as they play key roles in the functioning and
resiliency of kelp forest and estuarine ecosystems that provide a wide range of services to human societies,» said Dr. M Tim Tinker, a research scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey who is presenting an overview of the latest research on southern sea otters and is coauthor of several other new studies presented at the conference.
[36][37] The recovery
of kelp forests from barren states has been documented following dramatic perturbations, such as urchin disease or large shifts in thermal conditions.
The
architecture of a kelp forest ecosystem is based on its physical structure, which influences the associated species that define its community structure.
This project, which spanned the coast from Santa Barbara to San Diego, sought to reestablish historic kelp beds along the Southern California coast and to educate the public about the
importance of kelp forests to the marine environment.
These events resulted in substantial ecological and economic impacts, including sustained
loss of kelp forests, coral bleaching, reduced surface chlorophyll levels due to increased surface layer stratification, mass mortality of marine invertebrates due to heat stress, rapid long - distance species» range shifts and associated reshaping of community structure, fishery closures or quota changes, and even intensified economic tensions between nations.»
We present the model that future atmospheric [CO2] may act as a resource for mat - forming algae, a diverse and widespread group known to reduce the
resilience of kelp forests and coral reefs.
We argue that this focus overlooks the important role of ocean acidification as a resource, which can enhance the productivity of algae known to influence the
status of kelp forests and coral reefs (i.e. mat - forming algae or mats).
First observed at Long Beach Harbor in 2003, dense patches of S. horneri now dominate extensive
swaths of kelp forest and subtidal habitat at six of the eight Channel Islands.
Cape fur seals, mako sharks, blue sharks, seven gill sharks, dolphins, whales and the
magic of the kelp forests that line our west coast, mean the seas are rich with marine creatures, and incredibly beautiful.
Is the animal a keystone species essential to the welfare of many other species, the way sea otters are essential to the health
of kelp forests and everything that depends on kelp?
Just offshore are swathes
of kelp forests, part of this ecologically sensitive landscape, where you often sight crayfish divers or hoop net fishermen.
In addition to ecological monitoring
of kelp forests before, during, and after such disturbances, scientists try to tease apart the intricacies of kelp forest dynamics using experimental manipulations.
Channel Islands National Park's Kelp Forest Monitoring Program documents such changes as as it monitors the health
of the kelp forest ecosystem, including over 70 different groups of kelp forest species.