Sentences with phrase «sea ice forms»

As would be expected, a slightly greater proportion of thicker sea ice formed during the Little Ice Age would likely remain during the first warming event compared to recent decades.

Knowing that sea ice formed at a particular location at a particular time gives the air and ocean temperature for that spot, allowing researchers to test simulations of the atmosphere and the ocean.

Satellite data show that, between 1979 and 2013, the summer ice - free season expanded by an average of 5 to 10 weeks in 12 Arctic regions, with sea ice forming later in the fall and melting earlier in the spring.

When sea ice forms, it expels salt into the surrounding water, increasing the density of the water and causing it to sink, carrying oxygenated surface water into the depths.

In autumn new sea ice forms there, and is gradually pushed northwards into open waters by the wind.

The satellite readings show that as sea ice forms early in the season, wind blowing off the cold Antarctic ice cap pushes it offshore and northward.

«Sea ice forms on the surface of the Russian shelf seas, and is then driven north by the strong winds,» explains AWI sea - ice physicist Dr Thomas Krumpen, who also took part in the study.

They still think that the Antarctic surface is warming, not cooling like you now believe because of this Hansen paper: «In contrast, the Southern Ocean (specifically the region where Antarctic sea ice forms) has been warming at 0.17 °C per decade.»

The cooler Arctic then promoted formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW in the upper frame of Figure 13) as salty Atlantic waters transported poleward cooled and brine rejection increased as more Arctic sea ice formed.

Without summer sea ice forming to establish the CHL, he says, the ocean mixes more — and less ice forms.

For example, in the southern Weddell Sea so much sea ice forms during the autumn and winter months that the amount of salt released in the process turns the water around and below the 450,000 km2 Filchner - Ronne Ice Shelf into a massive protective sheath.

GISS adds some additional data in the Arctic and in Antarctica, but GISS also masks (basically deletes) sea surface temperature data anywhere sea ice forms.

After the minimum, a new freeze cycle begins: early October sea ice forming near Kotzebue, Alaska.

When sea ice forms, brine from salty sea water is expelled.

So when we see (again) that the Arctic sea ice reached a record low wintertime maximum extent (how far out new sea ice formed) on March 7, and that sea ice extent in Antarctica at the end of summer similarly reached its lowest extent we can be assured this is not as it should be.

They ran one set of simulations with Arctic ice coverage typical of recent years and another in which parameters in the model were set so that a much lower amount of sea ice formed each year.

So when we see (again) that the Arctic sea ice reached a record low wintertime maximum extent (how far out new sea ice formed) on March 7, and that sea ice extent in Antarctica at the end of summer similarly reached its lowest extent

In polynyas, large quantities of sea ice form, only to be swept away by the winds that formed the openings in the first place.

This means that the sea ice formed in winter is thinner and melts faster in summer.

This is happening along the coast of Alaska, especially as the sea ice forms later and later each year, creating a situation where the waves from winter storms are no longer being held down by the sea ice, but not actively eroding the shoreline.

This causes increased erosion due to permafrost melt, increased flooding due to the warmer temperatures, and intensified storms because the sea ice forms later in the season and is unable to provide a natural barrier for our coastal communities.

It may seem surprising that no widespread sea ice forms on the night side of the planet within 50 years; after all, new sea ice forms every winter in Earth's high latitudes.

Ideally, sea ice forms when the waves are not so high, when surface temperature is colder than -11 C, when surface sea water is -1.8 C, especially in clear skies.

Endless stories about glaciers melting, polar bears, ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica and sea ice form the view that there is virtually no ice left on the surface of the planet.

The biggest difference is that the Arctic sea ice forms in a huge ocean surrounded by the northern hemisphere land masses, while the Antarctic sea ice forms as a fringe around a vast frozen continent.

Locals see the sea ice forming later each year, the coast eroding and the permafrost melting.

This study specifically considers the role of Antarctic sea ice in shaping deep ocean circulation and stratification, by driving surface buoyancy loss associated with brine rejection (when sea ice forms, salt is pushed into the surrounding seawater, making it denser).

When waves buffet the freezing ocean surface, characteristic «pancake» sea ice forms.