Sentences with phrase «synapse formation»
"Synapse formation" refers to the process of creating connections between brain cells (neurons) during the development and growth of the brain. These connections, called synapses, allow for communication and information transfer between neurons, which is essential for proper brain function and learning. Full definition
«New theory of synapse formation in the brain.»
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Mark Dell» Acqua, Ph.D., CU School of Medicine: Study the role of calcium signaling in inhibition of synapse formation by beta amyloid plaque in Down syndrome (A-beta is the main component in plaques of Alzheimer's disease patients)
The following position is available at the Department Experimental Immunology of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) in Braunschweig: PhD candidate: Control of immunological synapse formation in regulatory T cells.
Eroglu's earlier work has shown that thrombospondins are released by brain cells called astrocytes and boost new synapse formation between neurons in the brain.
By using fine - scale optical techniques, they demonstrated that the local release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, induces both inhibitory and excitatory synapse formation in the developing mouse cortex.
It interferes with the production of a protein critical to synapse formation during a brief period in early development when the brain is optimizing its ability to process sensory input.
But in the fetal brain, some of the immune molecules are otherwise occupied, helping with synapse formation and remodeling.
«Aberrant synapse formation is important in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and autism,» says Osaka University Professor Toshihide Yamashita, one of the authors of the study.
MHCI limits synapse density by inhibiting insulin receptors, which regulate the body's sugar metabolism and, in the brain, promote synapse formation.
Astrocytes, named for their star - like shape, are ubiquitous brain cells known for regulating excitatory synapse formation through cells.
A new study just published in the journal Glia and available online on July 11th, details the newly discovered mechanism by which astrocytes are involved in inhibitory synapse formation and presents strong evidence that Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF β1), a protein produced by many cell types (including astrocytes) is a key player in this process.
«Visualization of newly formed synapses with unprecedented resolution: Researchers optimized a spatiotemporally controlled method to induce, visualize synapse formation in cortical neurons.»
«Filopodial contacts may precede synapse formation.»
«Fundamentally, it provides a novel mechanism for synapse formation,» Mei said.
The researchers also showed that even though memories held by silent engrams can not be naturally recalled, the memories persist for at least a week and can be «awakened» days later by treating cells with a protein that stimulates synapse formation.
In summary, our results demonstrate that PKN1 functions as a developmentally active gatekeeper of AKT activity, thereby fine - tuning axonal outgrowth and presynaptic differentiation of Cgcs and subsequently the correct PF - PC synapse formation.
In other words, it would take 10 million times as much BDNF to get as much new synapse formation as Dihexa.
Our studies use C. elegans have uncovered multiple pathways controlling synapse formation, maintenance and function.
VEGF modulates NMDA receptors activity in cerebellar granule cells through Src - family kinases before synapse formation.
The hypothesis is that astrocytes play a crucial role in dictating synapse formation and function via the release of specific proteins that determine the type of synapse that will form, and the strength of that synapse.
mTOR - dependent synapse formation underlies the rapid antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists.
Title: Selective synapse formation in the retina
Farhy - Tselnicker I, van Casteren ACM, Lee A, Chang VT, Radu Aricescu A, Allen NJ (2017) Astrocyte - Secreted Glypican 4 Regulates Release of Neuronal Pentraxin 1 from Axons to Induce Functional Synapse Formation.
In one study conducted at the New York School of Medicine, researchers were able to observe synapse formation in the brains of genetically engineered mice.
Based on the strong evidence of a role for astrocytes in developmental synapse formation and function, we will test the following hypothesis: synaptic function and stability in the aging brain is impaired due to a decrease in astrocytic production of permissive synaptogenic factors and an increase in astrocytic production of factors that destabilize synapses.
Ginger significantly increased nerve growth factor (NGF), which stimulates the growth of new neurons, and synaptophysin and PSD - 95, two indicators of higher synapse formation.
The vision driving the project is that valuable ideas for the treatment of stroke patients could result from accurate predictions of synapse formation.
The connecting process (synapse formation) is rapid during this year, with brain activity becoming closer to adult than newborn by 12 months.
The genes we detect are involved in the regulation of cell development, and are specifically important in synapse formation, axon guidance and neuronal differentiation.
«This opens the door to follow the natural evolution of synaptic density with normal aging and follow how drugs can alter synapses or synapse formation.»
Synapse formation is crucial for learning, memory, perception and cognition, and the balance between excitatory and inhibitory synapses critical for brain function.
However, studying the general mechanisms of synapse formation and distribution in dendrites has been challenging due to a lack of reliable methods that trigger and monitor synapse formation.
In the hippocampus, a major component responsible for memory, neural activity, synapse formation and expression of brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were reduced in these mice (Image 2).
«Given that abnormal synapse formation causes various neurodevelopmental diseases such as autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy, understanding activity - dependent mechanisms of initial synapse formation will be important for developing new therapeutic strategies for these conditions,» explained Dr. Kwon.
Astrocytes are responsible, for example, for the energy production of the brain, ion and pH balance, and they regulate synapse formation, the connections between neurons.
Postnatal Pkn1 — / — animals showed a defective PF — Purkinje cell (PF - PC) synapse formation.
In the developing brain, α4β2 and α7 subtypes of the nAChR have been implicated in neuronal proliferation, apoptosis, migration, differentiation, synapse formation, and neural - circuit formation [14], [15].
Polleux F., Ince - Dunn G., Ghosh A. (2007) Transcriptional mechanisms specifying neuronal connectivity and synapse formation.
Temporal changes in synaptic proteins in hippocampal slices indicated acute synaptic loss, followed by synapse formation and maintenance phases.
Behavioral Analyses (motor, cognitive, arousal, seizure, social interaction, auditory, synapse formation, ethological assessment, addiction)
Astrocytes can regulate neuronal synapses by secreting factors that affect both synapse formation and synaptic function.