"Embryonic cells" refer to cells that are at the very early stages of development, typically found in embryos or early-stage fetuses. These cells have the potential to develop into various types of cells in the body and are important for the growth and formation of different organs and tissues.
Full definition
L: We use adult stem cells, and we use the human
embryonic cell lines that the government has already approved.
«At first we blamed ourselves, but then we looked at the cell markers and saw that the cells were aging much faster» than
true embryonic cells.
Now researchers have found a way to create stem cells that mimic the universal role
of embryonic cells.
To get more cells, researchers from Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Mass., grew clusters of human
embryonic cells in a precise cocktail of growth factors and other cell - regulating chemicals that took several years to work out, says Robert Lanza, the firm's vice president of research and scientific development.
Other researchers have previously cloned animals, including mammals, by transferring nuclei
from embryonic cells into such enucleated eggs.
The guidelines contain provisions for work with induced pluripotent cells that are similar to those in place
for embryonic cell lines.
Alyssa's previous scientific endeavors focused
on embryonic cell biology in model organisms and development of novel image analysis techniques.
With
embryonic cells migrating as fast as several microns per second, he needed high - speed video that could capture the process.
Throughout his distinguished career (he headed the department of pathology at Harvard Medical School for two decades), Hertig suspected that there was a very early commitment
by embryonic cells to become either a fetus or the placenta.
The study led by UCL researchers and published today in the Journal of Cell Biology,
used embryonic cells to investigate how groups of cells move in a developmental process similar to that used by cancer to spread around the body.
But exactly how Dll4, Notch and Vegf all work in concert to transform early
embryonic cells into cells that form arteries has stumped researchers.
The neural cell adhesion molecule, N - CAM, appears on
early embryonic cells and is important in the formation of cell collectives and their boundaries at sites of morphogenesis.
By contrast, most embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are more restricted in their developmental potential, able to form
embryonic cell types, but not extra-embryonic tissues.
Hwang's laboratory reported that the 11 stem cell lines were able to differentiate into the trinity of
embryonic cell layers that become all cells in the body.
The microparticle technique, which was demonstrated in pluripotent
mouse embryonic cells, also offers better control over the kinetics of cell differentiation by delivering molecules that can either promote or inhibit the process.
By exposing a magnetically responsive droplet (purple) to a magnetic field, the scientists are able to exert pressure on the
surrounding embryonic cells in order to study their response to mechanical forces
But they still want to be able to do cloning, otherwise know as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT),
because embryonic cells are the «gold standard» for pluripotent cells — cells that can become any cell type in the body.
For one thing, if a skin cell can be turned into a far more
versatile embryonic cell, then maybe there's a way to turn any specialised cell directly into another.
To investigate in more detail, researchers from KU Leuven and elsewhere employed in vitro fertilization in cattle as a flexible system to study chromosomal changes in
single embryonic cells.
Salk scientists and colleagues have proposed new molecular criteria for judging just how close any line of laboratory - generated stem cells comes to
mimicking embryonic cells seen in the very earliest stages of human development, known as naïve stem cells.
Other groups had discovered hemangioblasts in mouse and human
embryonic cells as well as in adult human bone marrow and umbilical cord blood.
«If we can
grow embryonic cells and keep them alive, this technology could be important in battling those coral diseases.»
Schöler and his team looked at embryonic mouse clones that were just a few days old to see when and where the Oct4 gene — which
helps embryonic cells decide where to go and what to do — is active.
A year earlier, the team had produced twin sheep, named Megan and Morag, by cloning
cultured embryonic cells in an effort spearheaded by Roslin developmental biologist Keith Campbell.
In January, Hagedorn and her collaborators will focus on culturing
frozen embryonic cells to see how long they can live.
However, in 2007 Professor Wilmut announced that he had decided to change to an alternative method of research pioneered in Japan, known as direct reprogramming or «de-differentiation», which could create human
embryonic cells without using human eggs or cloning human embryos.
In SIF - seq, hundreds or thousands of DNA fragments to be tested for enhancer activity are coupled to a reporter gene and targeted into a single, reproducible site in
embryonic cell genomes.
In these instances, the committee says, the use of
existing embryonic cell lines derived from embryos fewer than 14 days old should be considered before resorting to the use of cells taken from surplus in vitro fertilization embryos fewer than 14 days old.
Heller's team produced the inner - ear hair cells by
exposing embryonic cells in the lab to chemical factors which steer the natural development of hair cells.
Like a Texan who keeps his drawl after moving to California, adult cells reprogrammed to
resemble embryonic cells retain some signatures of the tissue from which they came.
In 2009, from experiments at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe, Japan, he found that when culture conditions are right, adding a single ingredient — bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4)-- with precise timing is enough to
convert embryonic cells to PGCs.
A group of traits common among domesticated animals may arise when a wandering group of
multitasking embryonic cells lose their way, a new theory of domestication proposes.
Each of these cells, called naive,
pre-implantation embryonic cells, has the capacity to develop into any cell type in the human body, an ability called pluripotency.
The researchers found that the segmentation clock lies quiescent in
individual embryonic cells that give rise to the vertebrae, then clicks on all at once, collectively, when the cells reach a critical mass.
The proteins in them are characteristic of fetal and
embryonic cells rather than of mature erythrocytes, and the authors take care to call them «erythroid cells» rather than true erythrocytes.
Similarly, the three research teams that last week reported turning mouse skin cells into embryolike cells say they will have to
study embryonic cells to learn how to reprogram human cells in the same way and to understand their potential.
A few years ago, it was discovered that there are two stages for human pluripotent stem cells, corresponding to the pre-implanted and
post-implanted embryonic cells.
They then studied the state of X chromosomes in naïve cells of female embryos», which each contain two active X chromosomes, unlike more
mature embryonic cells that have silenced one X.
When current methods for generating naïve stem cells in the lab were judged using the three tests, each fell short of mimicking the
naïve embryonic cells in different ways.
Phrases with «embryonic cells»